QIANLAI ZHUANG
			The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 508-289-7713(Phone) 508-457-1546(FAX) E-mail: qzhuang@mbl.edu
	Ph.D., Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK Postdoctoral Scientist Appointment, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA

• Ecosystem ecology
  
• Global biogeochemical cycles
  
• Global change biology
  
• Computational and quantitative ecology
  

I've been fascinated by the interactions among atmosphere, biosphere, and human dimension in the context of climate changes, chemical element cycles, and policy-making. Consequently I positioned my research arena at ecosystem sciences. Specifically my major research interests center on the understanding of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics and global biogeochemical cycles. I used an interdisciplinary approach to address ecosystem questions with the belief that the ecosystem dynamics follow the basic principles of biology, physics, and chemistry. The nature of my research tends to integrate the knowledge of the field and laboratory experiments and theoretical and computational techniques to advance ecosystem sciences.

One of my major research interests is on carbon cycling between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. On this topic, my study is originated from my dissertation in the University of Alaska. While the growing evidence indicated there were more profound changes of climate in northern high latitudes, I was more stricken by the dramatic changes of permafrost and soil thermal regime and their impacts on carbon dynamics. Therefore I spent a number of years on the investigation of how changes of soil thermal regime including permafrost melting affect the carbon assimilation and decomposition in the region. I was also intrigued by the increasing of wildfire in northern ecosystems and its consequences with respect to carbon and nitrogen cycling. In line with this, I used modeling as a tool to explore the interactions between the fire disturbances and their effects on soil thermal, hydrological dynamics, and carbon and nitrogen cycles in boreal forests. The study indicated that the complexity of interactions between fire disturbances, permafrost dynamics, and hydrological dynamics has to be considered in tackling the dynamics of ecosystem and carbon cycling.

My second major research interest is on modeling trace gas emissions from natural ecosystems and their effects on climate and social consequences. On this topic, I've modeled methane emissions and consumption in terrestrial ecosystem soils by considering the effects of soil thermal, hydrological, and vegetation dynamics. The developed methane dynamics model has been tested and validated by using observations from a variety of ecosystem types at different geographical regions. As a case study, the model has been applied to Alaska, which is featured as permafrost soils, to examine the responses of methane emissions to the climate change. Now I am conducting the research of methane emissions with focus on Northern Hemisphere and ultimately on the globe. I am also actively involved in modeling nitrous oxide emissions and its feedbacks among atmosphere, biosphere, and human dimension.

Recently, my research interests are expanded to analyzing consequences of ozone damage and other pollutants to the ecosystem services and social economy. For example, I've been involved several studies by using a biogeochemistry model, Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) and the MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) to investigate the ozone effects on net primary productivity and carbon sequestration for the continental US and the globe. The research concluded that the effects of ozone should be factored into future calculations of the US carbon budget. At the global scale, tropospheric ozone effects on ecosystem dynamics and the interaction with climate policy produce a large feedback in estimating climate policy costs that, heretofore, has not been included in cost estimates.

Professional Memberships:

• Ecological Society of America
  
• American Geophysical Union
  
• American Association for the Advancement of Science
  

Peer-Reviewed Publications and Manuscripts:

• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, D. A. McGuire, P. A. Steudler, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18, GB3010, doi:10.1029/2004GB002239, 2004. (PDF)
  
• Felzer B., D. Kicklighter, J. Melillo, C. Wang, Q. Zhuang, and R. Prinn, Ozone effects on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a Biogeochemistry Model. Tellus 56B, 230-248, 2004
  
• Felzer, B., J. Reilly, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, C. Wang, R. Prinn, M. Sarofim & Q. Zhuang Past and Future Effects of Ozone on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Global Biogeochemical Model. MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy of Global Change Report No. 90. 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (PDF ).
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, J. S. Clein, R. J. Dargaville, D. W. Kicklighter, R. B. Myneni, J. Dong, V. E. Romanovsky, J. Harden, and J. E. Hobbie, Carbon cycling in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere during the 20th Century: A modeling analysis of the influences of soil thermal dynamics, Tellus, 55B, 751-776, 2003. (PDF)
  
• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, P. A. Steudler, D. A. McGuire, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, A process-based modeling analysis of methane exchanges between Alaskan terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy of Global Change. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Report No. 104, 2003. ( PDF )
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, K. P. O'Neill, J. W. Harden, V. E. Romanovsky, J. Yarie. Modeling the soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in Interior Alaska, J. Geophy. Res., 107, 8147, doi:10.1029/2001JD001244, 2002. [Printed 108(D1), 2003]. (PDF)
  
• Felzer B. S., D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, C. Wang, Q. Zhuang, and R. G. Prinn, Ozone Effects on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration in the Conterminous United States Using a Biogeochemistry Model. MIT Joint Program on Science and Policy of Global Change Report No. 90. 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 23 p. (PDF ).
  
• Zhuang, Q., V. E. Romanovsky, A. D. McGuire, Incorporation of a permafrost model into a large-scale ecosystem model: Evaluation of temporal and spatial scaling issues in simulating soil thermal dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 106, D24, 33,649-33,670, 2001. (PDF)
  
• Zhuang Q., Modeling the influences of climate change, permafrost dynamics, and fire disturbance on carbon dynamics of high latitude ecosystems. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Ph.D. Dissertation. December 2001.
  
• Zhuang Q., The study of the plant morphological information processing,. The Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. M.S. Thesis. 1991.
  
  
• McGuire, A. D., M. Apps, F. S. Chapin III, R. Dargaville, M. D. Flannigan, E. S. Kasischke, D. W. Kicklighter , J. Kimball, W. Kurz, D. J. McCrae, K. McDonald, J. M. Melillo, R. Myneni, B. J. Stocks, D. L. Verbyla, and Q. Zhuang (in press) Canada and Alaska. IN: Land Change Science: Observing, Monitoring, and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface. Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, B. S. Felzer, D. W. Kicklighter, A. D. McGuire, A. Sokolov, R. G. Prinn, M. C. Sarofim, P. Steudler, and S. Hu, A greenhouse gas budget for northern high latitudes: net fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane over the 21st century, in review at Nature, 2004.
  
• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, A. D. McGuire, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, P. A. Steudler, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, Natural methane emissions and the greenhouse gas budget for Alaska, in review at Ecological Applications.
  
• S. Sitch, A. D. McGuire, J. Kimball, N. Gedney, J. Gamon, R. Engström, A. Wolf, Q. Zhuang, and J. Clein. Assessing the circumpolar carbon balance of arctic tundra with remote sensing and process-based modeling approaches, in review at Ecological Applications.
  
• Felzer B., J. Reilly, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, C. Wang, R. Prinn, M. Sarofim, Q. Zhuang, Past and future effects of ozone on net primary production and carbon sequestration using a global biogeochemical model, in review at Climatic Change.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, M. Heimann, J. Clein, D. W. Kicklighter, and R. J. Dargaville, Product decomposition and conversion fluxes related to land use and land cover change explain recent changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO₂ at high northern latitudes, in preparation for Geophysical Research Letters.
  
• McGuire, A.D., Q. Zhuang, R.A. Meier, M. Macander, T.S. Rupp, E. Kasischke, D. Verbyla, J. Yarie, D.W. Kicklighter, and J.M. Melillo. The role of fire disturbance, climate, and atmospheric carbon dioxide in the response of historical carbon dynamics in Alaska from 1950 to 1995: The importance of fire history, in preparation for Global Change Biology.
  
  

Conference Papers /Presentations:

• Zhuang Q., J. M. Melillo, A. D. McGuire, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, P. A. Steudler, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, Methane emissions and the greenhouse gas budget in Alaska for the past and 21st centuries, San Francisco, CA, 13 - 17 December 2004.
  
• Felzer B., Q. Zhuang, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, R. Prinn, The Effect of Ozone on Ecosystem Processes Using Improved Hydrological Cycling Within a Biogeochemical Model, San Francisco, CA, 13 - 17 December 2004.
  
• Euskirchen S.E., A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, Q. Zhuang, J.S. Clein, K.C. McDonald, N.V. Smith, J.S. Kimball, R.J. Dargaville, D.G. Dye, Recent shifts in the dynamics governing growing season length and productivity in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems. San Francisco, CA, 13 - 17 December 2004.
  
• Zhuang, Q., J.M. Melillo, B.S. Felzer, D.W. Kicklighter, A.D. McGuire, A. Sokolov, R.G. Prinn, P. Steudler, and S. Hu, The global warming potential budget of net methane and carbon dioxide exchanges in northern high latitudes, The Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, August 1- 6, 2004.
  
• Harden J.W. , M. R. Turetsky, J. Carrasco, H. Veldhuis, S. Wofsy, and Q. Zhuang, Organic Soils of the North: a Mismatch for our Current Climate? 2004 Joint Assembly: AGU, the Canadian Geophysical Union (CGU) and the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Montreal, Canada, 17-21 May 2004.
  
• Zhuang, Q., J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, B.S. Felzer, A. Sokolov, R.G. Prinn, A.D. McGuire, P. Steudler, and S. Hu, The relationship of global warming potentials to methane and carbon dioxide exchanges in northern high latitudes estimated with a process-based biogeochemistry model, International science conference on "Climate Disturbance Interactions in Boreal Forest Ecosystems", Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A., May 3-7, 2004.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, P. A. Steudler, D. A. McGuire, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, Methane emissions from the terrestrial ecosystems at northern high latitudes during the 20th Century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model, San Francisco, CA, 8 - 12 December 2003.
  
• Felzer B., J. Reilly, J. Melillo, D. Kicklighter, C. Wang, R. Prinn, M. Sarofim, Q. Zhuang, Implication of ozone on carbon sequestration and climate policy in the U.S. using the MIT Integrated Global Systems Model, San Francisco, CA, 8 - 12 December 2003.
  
• McGuire A. D. , J. Clein, Q. Zhuang, Modeling Modes of Variability in Carbon Exchange Between High Latitude Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere: A Synthesis of Progress and Identification of Challenges, First SEARCH Open Science Meeting, Seattle, Washington, 27-30 October 2003.
  
• Global Change Forum XXI, Climate Understanding, Long-Term Goals, and Current Mitigation Effort, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Oct. 8-10, 2003. (Invited)
• Harden J. , M. Turetsky, J. Carrasco, K. Manies, D. McGuire, J. Neff, M. Pavich, N. Rosenbloom, S.E. Trumbore, Q. Zhuang, Toward understanding long-term terrestrial carbon: mechanisms, modern tools, and modeling of soil systems, The INQUA Congress, Reno Hilton Resort & Conference Center, Reno, Nevada USA, July 23 - 30, 2003.
  
• Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R. G. Prinn, P. A. Steudler, D. A. McGuire, B. S. Felzer, and S. Hu, Modeling methane consumption and emission between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere, The Ecological Society of America, ESA/ISEM annual meeting, Savannah, Georgia, August 3-5, 2003.
  
  
• Janetos, J. et al., (including Q. Zhuang), SCOPE Workshop: Forest conservation and management in an information age, Swope Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 15-18 December 2002.
• Zhuang, Q., Jerry M. Melillo, David A. McGuire, Roger J. Dargaville, David. W. Kicklighter, Joy S. Clein, Ranga B. Myneni, Jiarui Dong, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Jennifer Harden, and John E. Hobbie. Effects of soil thermal dynamics on carbon cycling in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere. AGU 2002 Fall Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA. December 6-10, 2002.
  
• Felzer B., D. Kicklighter, J. Melillo, C. Wang, Q. Zhuang, R. Prinn, Ozone effects on global vegetation productivity and carbon sequestration using a biogeochemistry model, AGU 2002 Fall Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA. December 6-10, 2002.
  
• Zhuang,Q., A.D. McGuire, J.M. Melillo, J.S. Clein, R.J. Dargaville, R.B. Myneni, J. Dong, V.E. Romanovsky, J. Harden, and J.E. Hobbie, Carbon cycling in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere during the 20th Century: A modeling analysis of the influences of soil thermal dynamics. NASA LCLUC science team meeting, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. November 20-22, 2002.
  
• Felzer B. S., D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, C. Wang, Q. Zhuang, and R. Prinn, Ozone Effects on Global Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Biogeochemistry Model. EOS Investigator Working (IWG) meeting, the Turf Valley Resort and Conference Center in Ellicott City, MD. November 18-20, 2002.
  
• Harden J.W., A.D. McGuire, J. Neff, K.P. O'Neill, B.J. Stocks, Zhuang, Q., Soil carbon of Northern latitudes and their potential for CO₂ exchange, Natural Resource Management to Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Raleigh, NC. November 19-21, 2002.
  
• Zhuang, Q., J.S. Clein, A.D. McGuire, R.J. Dargaville, V.E. Romanovsky, J. Harden, D.W. Kicklighter, J.M. Melillo, J.E. Hobbie, and E.B. Rastetter. Modeling the effects of soil thermal dynamics on the seasonality of carbon fluxes across northern temperate and high latitude regions. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Tucson, Arizona. August 4-9, 2002.
  
• Felzer, B., J. M. Melillo, and Q. Zhuang, Surface Ozone Effects on Productivity Using a Biogeochemistry Model, 2002 Spring Meeting, Washington Convention Center, Washington, DC. May 28-31, 2002.
  
• Clein, J.S., A.D. McGuire, Q. Zhuang. TEM circumpolar model results with output data for tower sites. Workshop for development of a research agenda to determine the current circumpolar carbon budget. Fairbanks, Alaska. 2002.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., J.S. Clein, A.D. McGuire, R.J. Dargaville, D.W. Kicklighter, J.M. Melillo, J.E. Hobbie, and E.B. Rastetter. Modeling the effects of soil thermal dynamics on the seasonality of carbon fluxes across northern temperate and high latitude regions. Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. San Francisco, California. Dec, 2001.
  
• Jennifer W. Harden, Michelle Mack, Hugo Veldhuis, Kenji Yoshikawa, Q. Zhuang, Fire Dynamics and Implications for Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Boreal Forests, Fall Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco, CA, December 10-14, 2001.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, J. S. Clein, et al., Modeling the effects of soil thermal dynamics on the seasonality of CO₂ of monitoring stations at global scale, LAII-ATLAS, all scientist meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah. November, 2001.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire et al., Workshop for ARCSS project "A Retrospective Analysis of Alaska as a Regional System", University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska. August 21-22, 2001.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. David McGuire, Jennifer Harden, Katherine P. O'Neill, Vladimir E. Romonanvsky, John Yarie, Modeling the Carbon Dynamics of a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska, The 86th ESA Annual Meeting, the Monona Terrace Convention Center and the University of Wisconsin, Madison. August 5-9, 2001.
  
• Zhuang, Q., V. E. Romanovsky, A. D. McGuire, Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in Interior Alaska, LTER site review, Fairbanks, AK. 2001.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. David McGuire, Jennifer Harden, Katherine P. O'Neill, John Yarie. Modeling the Carbon Dynamics of a Fire Chronosequence in Interior Alaska, San rancisco. AGU annual meeting. December 5-9, 2000.
  
• McGuire A. D., R.A. Meier, Q. Zhuang, M. Macander, T. S. Rupp, E. Kasischke, D. Verbyla, D. W. Kicklighter, and J. M. Melillo. The role of fire disturbance, climate, and atmospheric CO₂ in the response of historical carbon dynamics in Alaska from 1950 to 1995: The importance of fire history, San Francisco. AGU annual meeting. December 5-9, 2000.
  
• Meier R. , Jennifer Harden, Cherie Silapaswan, Dave Swanson, Q. Zhuang, Dave McGuire, Characterization of Soil Drainage Classes for the Study of Soil Carbon Storage in Alaska. San Francisco. AGU annual meeting. December 5-9, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. David McGuire, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Joy S. Clein, Xinxian Zhang, David W. Kicklighter, Jerry M Melillo, Steve Wofsy, Incorporation of a permafrost model into a large-scale ecosystem model: Evaluation of temporal and spatial scaling issues in simulating carbon dynamics, LTER symposium, Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest LTER 2000 Symposium, Fairbanks, AK. Oct. 19-20, 2000.
  
• Jennifer W. Harden1 and A. David McGuire With contributions from W. Cannon and K. Manies1 (USGS), R. Mier and Q. Zhuang (UAF), J. Neff (CSU), K. O'Neill (Duke), R. Ottmar and D. Sandberg (USFS), J. Randerson (CalTech), B. Stocks (Forestry Canada), The Biogeochemistry of Fire: modeling and measuring the impact of fire on carbon, nutrients, and atmospheric emissions, USGS workshop. Sept, 2000.
  
• McGuire, A., Meier, R., Zhuang, Q., Macander, M., Rupp, T., Kasischke, E., Verbyla, D., Kicklighter, D., Melillo, J., The role of fire disturbance, climate, and atmospheric CO₂ in the response of historical carbon dynamics in Alaska from 1950 to 1995, ESA's 85th Annual Meeting in Snowbird, Utah, August 6-10, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., V.E. Romanovsky, J.S. Clein, A.D. McGuire, J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, and S. Wofsy. Modeling permafrost and carbon dynamics in an old black spruce ecosystem. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Snowbird, Utah. 2000.
  
• McGuire A.D., R.A. Meier, Q. Zhuang, M. Macander, T.S. Rupp, E. Kasischke, D. Verbyla, D.W. Kicklighte, and J.M. Melillo, The Role of Fire Disturbance, Climate, and Atmospheric CO₂ in the Response of Historical Carbon Dynamics in Alaska from 1950 to 1995: A Process-based Analysis with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, International Science Conference. The Role of Boreal Forests and Forestry in the Global Carbon Budget. Edmonton, Alberta Canada. May 8-12, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, V. E. Romanovsky, People and the forest: what's happening in our back yard. Fairbanks, AK. May 13, 2000.
  
• McGuire, A. D., Q. Zhuang, et al, The role of fire disturbance, climate, and atmospheric CO₂ in the response of historical carbon dynamics in Alaska from 1950 to 1995: A process-based Analysis with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. International Boreal Forest Research association Conference: The Role of Boreal Forests and Forestry in the Global Carbon Budget. May, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, V. E. Romanovsky, Modeling Soil Temperature of Alaskan Black Spruce Forests, Frostfire Synthesis Meeting , Fairbanks, AK. March 21-23, 2000.
  
• McGuire, A. D.; Meier, Rose A.; Zhuang, Q.; Macander, Matthew; Rupp, T. Scott; Kasischke, Eric; Verbyla, David; Kicklighter, David W.; and Melillo, Jerry M., The role of fire disturbance, climate, and atmospheric CO₂ in the response of historical carbon dynamics in Alaska from1950 to 1995: A process-based analysis with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. Frostfire Synthesis Meeting. March 21-23, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., V.E. Romanovsky, J. S. Clein-Curley, A.D. McGuire, JM Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, S. Wofsy, Modeling Permafrost and Carbon Dynamics in an Old Black Spruce Ecosystem. Frostfire Synthesis Meeting. March 21-23, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A coupled model of soil thermal and biogecochemical dynamics. US Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK. March 10, 2000.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, V. E. Romanovsky, Modeling the soil thermal regime of Tussock tundra. Land-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions, the 2000 LAII workshop, Seattle. February 23-26, 2000.
  
• A. D. McGuire, R. Meier, and Q. Zhuang et al., 1950-1995 fire disturbance to carbon balance of Alaska, Land-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions, the 2000 LAII workshop, Seattle. February 23-26, 2000.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, R. E. Romanovsky, A coupled model of soil thermal and biogecochemical dynamics for application to boreal forest ecosystems: Evaluation of spatial and temporal scaling performance. Denali National Park, AK, 50th AAAS meeting symposium. September 18-22, 1999.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, V. E. Romanovsky, Coupling a soil thermal model with a large-scale biogecochemical model: comparison of simulated and field-based monthly soil temperatures and carbon fluxes in an old black spruce stand, Record of the meeting for LAII science workshop, Seattle. March 11-13, 1999.
  
• Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, and V. E. Romanovsky, Modeling monthly soil temperature of Alaska black spruce forests, Record of the meeting for LAII science workshop, Seattle. March 11-13,1999.
  
• Zhuang, Q., V. E. Romanovsky , J.S. Clein-Curley, A.D. McGuire, J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, and S. Wofsy, Coupling a soil thermal model with a large-scale biogeochemical model: comparisons of simulated and field-based monthly soil temperatures and carbon fluxes in an old black spruce stand. BOREAS meeting, Tallahassee, FL. 1999.
  
  
• Zhuang, Q., V. E. Romanovsky, A. D. McGuire, Modeling soil temperature of the Alaskan black spruce forests, Fairbanks, AK, AAAS meeting symposium. October, 1998.