Nobel Prize awarded to Albert Szent-Gyorgyi in 1937.
Nobel Prize awarded to Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1933.
| Year | Name | Field | Contribution | MBL Connection |
| 2018 | Tasuko Honjo | Physiology or Medicine | For the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation | Student, Embryology (1972) |
| 2017 | Michael Rosbash | Physiology or Medicine | For the discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm | Faculty, Embryology (1976, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986) Lecturer, Neurobiology (2012) Friday Evening Lecturer (2013) |
| 2014 | Eric Betzig | Chemistry | For the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy | Lecturer, Physiology (2007) Visiting Scientist (2010) Faculty, Physiology (2011) Friday Evening Lecturer (2012) Faculty, Analytical and Quantitative Light Microscopy (2013) |
| 2012 | John B. Gurdon | Physiology or Medicine | For the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent | Lecturer, Embryology (1965) Lillie Fellow (Research Awardee) (1983) Friday Evening Lecturer (1983) Faculty, Embryology (1983, 1987) Centennial Evening Lecturer (1988) |
| 2009 | Ada E. Yonath | Chemistry | For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome | Independent Investigator (1969) |
| 2008 | Martin Chalfie | Chemistry | For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein | Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior (1983) Lecturer, Biology of Parasitism (1991) Lecturer, Neurobiology (2004) |
| 2008 | Osamu Shimomura | Chemistry | For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein | Year Round Investigator (1981-2001) Corporation Member (1988-) Library Researcher (2002-) |
| 2008 | Roger Y. Tsien | Chemistry | For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein | Faculty, Workshop on Plant and Animal Cell Microinjection Techniques (1988) Faculty, Optical Microscopy & Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (1989-1990) Lecturer, Neurobiology (1997, 2000-2004) |
| 2006 | Roger D. Kornberg | Chemistry | Studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription | Faculty, Physiology Course (1982) |
| 2004 | Avram Hershko | Chemistry | Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation | Corporation Member (1999-) Fellowship recipient (1991, 1996) Researcher (1991-) |
| 2004 | Irwin Rose | Chemistry | Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation | Library Researcher (1968) Student, Embryology Course (1959) |
| 2003 | Roderick MacKinnon | Chemistry | For structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels | Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1986-87) Lecturer, Physiology Course (2000) |
| 2002 | Sydney Brenner | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death | Instructor, Physiology Course (1967-70) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1967-70) Researcher (1967-70, 1988) |
| 2002 | H. Robert Horvitz | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death | Faculty, Embryology Course (1984) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1982) Instructor, Embryology Course (1982) Instructor, Physiology Course (1986) Lecturer, Neurobiology Course (1992, 2006) |
| 2001 | Leland Hartwell | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle | Faculty, Physiology Course (1982) |
| 2001 | Tim Hunt | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery of cyclins, a group of proteins that regulated the cell division cycle | Corporation Member (1991-2006) Faculty, Embryology Course (1979-80, 1987) Faculty, Physiology Course (1980-83, 2004) Lecturer, Embryology Course (1977) Lecturer, Physiology Course (2002, 2004) Researcher (1985-86) |
| 2000 | Paul Greengard | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system | Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1985) Research Assistant (1951) Researcher (1968, 1987) Student, Embryology Course (1950) |
| 2000 | Eric Kandel | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system | Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1981, 1985) Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1983) Laboratory Staff (1984) Lecturer, Neural Biology Course (1975) Lecturer, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1978) Researcher (1975, 1979-83) |
| 1997 | Paul. D. Boyer | Chemistry | Discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase | Researcher (1952) |
| 1997 | Jens C. Skou | Chemistry | Discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase | Researcher (1953) |
| 1995 | Christiane Nusslein-Volhard | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning “the genetic control of early embryonic development” | Faculty, Embryology Course (1983) |
| 1995 | Eric Wieschaus | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning “the genetic control of early embryonic development” | Faculty, Physiology Course (2007) Faculty, Embryology Course (1988, 2000-) Student, Embryology Course (1969) |
| 1991 | Bert Sakmann | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells | Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1988-89) |
| 1989 | Sidney Altman | Chemistry | Discovery of catalytic properties of RNA | Faculty, Physiology Course (1981, 1983) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1997) |
| 1986 | Stanley Cohen | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery of growth factors | Instructor, Embryology (1977) Researcher (1977) |
| 1983 | Barbara McClintock | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries in genetics | Student, Botany Course (1927) |
| 1981 | David Hubel | Physiology or Medicine | Processing of visual information by the brain | Lecturer, Physiology Course (1971) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1979) |
| 1981 | Torsten Wiesel | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system | Corporation Member (1999-2006) Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1983) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1980-82) Lecturer, Neurobiology Course (1975, 1977-78) Trustee (1999-2002) |
| 1980 | Paul Berg | Chemistry | Development of methods to map structure and function of DNA | Library Researcher (1983) |
| 1980 | George D. Snell | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning “genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.” | Researcher (1928-29, 1933) Student, Zoology Course (1927) |
| 1976 | D. Carlton Gajdusek | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries concerning the origin and new mechanisms for the dissemination of infectious disease | Student, Embryology Course (1942) |
| 1975 | David Baltimore | Physiology or Medicine | Interactions between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell | Corporation Member (1996-2006) Faculty, Physiology Course (1983) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1970) Library Researcher (1979) |
| 1975 | Howard Temin | Physiology or Medicine | Interactions between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell | Student, Physiology Course (1956) |
| 1974 | Albert Claude | Physiology or Medicine | Developed methods of separating and analyzing components of the cell | Researcher (1938, 1941, 1945, 1948) |
| 1969 | Max Delbrïuck | Replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses | Researcher (1942) | |
| 1969 | Salvador Luria | Physiology or Medicine | Replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses | Corporation Member (1970-90) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1968, 1971, 1976) Library Researcher (1952, 1970-72, 1985) Researcher (1942) |
| 1967 | Keffer Hartline | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries about chemical and physical visual processes in the eye | Corporation Member (1936-82) Instructor, Physiology Course (1927) Researcher (1924-29, 1931, 1933-34, 1936) Student, Physiology Course (1923) |
| 1967 | George Wald | Physiology or Medicine | Discoveries about chemical and physical visual processes in the eye | Corporation Member (1940-96) Instructor, Neurobiology Course (1974) Instructor, Physiology Course (1947-55) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1963-65, 1967-68, 1970) Researcher (1929, 1931, 1941, 1947-49, 1951, 1961-76) Trustee (1948-55, 1961-68) Trustee Emeriti (1977-97) |
| 1964 | Konrad Bloch | Physiology or Medicine | Mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism | Researcher (1954) |
| 1963 | John Eccles | Physiology or Medicine | Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve | Corporation Member (1970-71) Fellow (1968) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1969) Researcher (1968-69) |
| 1963 | Alan Hodgkin | Physiology or Medicine | Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve | Researcher (1938) |
| 1963 | Andrew Huxley | Physiology or Medicine | Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve | Fellow (1953, 1966) Researcher (1953, 1966) |
| 1962 | James Watson | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery concerning the molecular structure of DNA | Instructor, Physiology Course (1954) |
| 1960 | Donald Glaser | Physics | Development of the bubble chamber | Lecturer, Physiology (1966) Library Researcher (1962) Student, Physiology Course (1962) |
| 1958 | George Beadle | Physiology or Medicine | Genetic recombination and organization of the genetic material of bacteria | Corporation Member (1937-50) Researcher (1937) |
| 1958 | Joshua Lederberg | Physiology or Medicine | Genetic recombination and organization of the genetic material of bacteria | Corporation Member (1956-) Researcher (1947, 1954) |
| 1954 | Thomas H. Weller | Physiology or Medicine | discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue | Faculty, Biology of Parasitism (1980) |
| 1953 | Fritz Lipmann | Physiology or Medicine | Coenzyme A and its role in intermediary metabolism | Lecturer, Physiology Course (1973) Researcher (1932) |
| 1946 | John Northrop | Chemistry | Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form | Corporation Member (1938-53) Researcher (1916-17, 1933-41, 1945-48) Student, Embryology Course (1911) Trustee (1939-50) |
| 1946 | Wendell Stanley | Chemistry | Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form | Individual Investigator (1932, 1938) |
| 1946 | Hermann Muller | Physiology or Medicine | Production of mutations by x-irradiation | Corporation Member (1918-33, 1942-59) Researcher (1916-20, 1936, 1938) Student, Embryology (1911) |
| 1943 | (Carl Peter) Henrik Dam | Physiology or Medicine | discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K | Independent Investigator (1941) |
| 1937 | Albert Szent-Gyorgyi | Physiology or Medicine | Biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and fumaric acid catalysis. | Consultant, Physiology Course (1951-72) Corporation Member (1948-86) Faculty, Ecology Course (1979) Lecturer, Developmental Biology Course (1974-75, 1978) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1964-65, 1967-71, 1978) Researcher (1947-51, 1953-60, 1962-72, 1974-86) Trustee (1953-60, 1962-63) Trustee Emeritus (1964-86) |
| 1936 | Otto Loewi | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery relating to the chemical transmission of nerve impulses | Consultant, Physiology Course (1948-56, 1960-61) Corporation Member (1941-1961) Library Researcher (1941-52, 1954-56) Researcher (1940) |
| 1933 | Thomas Hunt Morgan | Physiology or Medicine | Role of the chromosome in heredity | Corporation Member (1890-1895, 1899, 1906-1916, 1918-1945) Instructor (1899) Lecturer (1890, 1892-93) Researcher (1890-93, 1899, 1901, 1903, 1906-1945) Trustee (1897-02, 1906-36) Trustee Emeritus (1937-45) |
| 1931 | Otto Warburg | Physiology or Medicine | Nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme | Independent investigator (1949) |
| 1922 | Otto Meyerhof | Physiology or Medicine | Relationship between consumption of oxygen and metabolism of lactic acid in muscle | Library Researcher (1942-49, 1951) Researcher (1941) |
| 1920 | August Krogh | Physiology or Medicine | Discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism | Researcher (1929) |